Kidney transplantation (KT) is the most often used standard of care for patients with end-stage renal failure. Traditionally, kidney transplantation has been performed by open surgery, which involves making huge incisions. However, in recent years, the treatment has been performed using minimally invasive surgical procedures. Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation (RAKT) is a minimally invasive technique for performing kidney transplantation that uses robotic assistance. Because KT and robotic surgery need a high level of expertise, RAKT is conducted by transplant surgeons who have substantial training and experience in robotics and transplant surgery. In comparison to traditional open kidney transplant surgery, RAKT uses a significantly smaller incision (approximately 7cm) to remove the sick kidney, introduce the donor kidney into the abdomen, and then suture the blood vessels and ureter. To put the instruments into the belly, four or five tiny (0.5 to 1cm) incisions are made. One arm is holding a high magnification 3D camera, which is put into the abdomen through one of the keyholes and delivers a high-definition, magnified (12), 3-D picture of the surgery site. The surgical instruments linked to the other mechanical arms are meant to replicate the movement of human hands and wrists.
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