The most popular kind of standard care for patients with end-stage renal illness is kidney transplantation (KT). Open surgery, or huge incisions, has traditionally been used for kidney transplantation. But, minimally invasive surgical techniques are now being used to perform the surgery. A robotic support is used during Robot Assisted Kidney Transplantation (RAKT), a minimally invasive procedure, to carry out the KT. Since KT and robotic surgery demand a high level of expertise, RAKT is carried out by transplant surgeons who have received in-depth training and experience in robotics and transplant surgery. In RAKT, the donor kidney is inserted into the abdomen after the diseased kidney is removed, a considerably smaller incision (7 cm) is made than in traditional open kidney transplant surgery, and the blood vessels and ureter are then stitched. The instruments are inserted into the belly through an additional four to five tiny (0.5 to 1cm) incisions. An abdominal keyhole is used to put a high magnification 3D camera into one of the arms, which provides a high resolution, magnified (12), 3-D view of the surgery site. Surgical instruments that mimic the motion of human hands and wrists are coupled to the other mechanical arms.
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